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- Humanities/Greco-Roman Culture
- Lysistrata
-
- Aristophanes was a "craft" comedy poet in the fourth century B.C.
- during the time of the Peloponnesian War. Aristophanes' usual style was
- to be too satirical, and suggesting the outlandish. He shows little
- mercy when mocking Socrates and his "new-fangled ideas" which were most
- likely designed to destroy the cohesiveness of society and lead to
- anarchy, in his play The Clouds.
- The most absurd and humorous of Aristophanes' comedies are those in
- which the main characters, the heroes of the story, are women. Smart
- women.
- One of the most famous of Aristophanes' comedies depicting powerfully
- effectual women is the Lysistrata, named after the female lead character
- of the play. It portrays Athenian Lysistrata and the women of Athens
- teaming up with the women of Sparta to force their husbands to end the
- Peloponnesian War.
- To make the men agree to a peace treaty, the women seized the
- Acropolis, where Athens' financial reserves are kept, and prevented the
- men from squandering them further on the war. They then beat back an
- attack on their position by the old men who have remained in Athens
- while the younger men are out on campaign. When their husbands return
- from battle, the women refuse to have sex with them. This sex strike,
- which is portrayed in a series of (badly) exaggerated and blatant sexual
- innuendoes, finally convinces the men of Athens and Sparta to agree to a
- peace treaty.
- The Lysistrata shows women acting bravely and even aggressively against
- men who seem resolved on ruining the city-state by prolonging a
- pointless war and excessively expending reserves stored in the
- Acropolis. This in turn added to the destruction of their family life
- by staying away from home for long stretches while on military
- campaign. The men would come home when they could, sexually relieve
- themselves, and then leave again to continue a senseless war.
- The women challenge the masculine role model to preserve the
- traditional way of life of the community. When the women become
- challenged themselves, they take on the masculine characteristics and
- attitudes and defeat the men physically, mentally but most of all
- strategically. Proving that neither side benefits from it, just that
- one side loses more than the other side.
- It's easy to see why fourth century B.C. Athenian women would get tired
- of their men leaving. Most Athenian women married in their teens and
- never had to be on their own, and probably wouldn't know what to do if
- they did land on their own. The men leave for war and some don't return
- because of death or whatever reasons, so now a widow finds herself on
- her own, probably with children, and no one to take care of her or her
- children. She might be able to enter her male children as a
- journeyman/ward to a wealthy family (who either have no male children,
- or most likely lost their son(s) in one of the wars) that will raise
- him. The widow has few prospects. If she's young and attractive enough
- with the right domestic skills she might be able to remarry. But her
- lot isn't too promising. After all, why would you want a widow, when
- you could get a "fresh" wife to "break-in" the way you want and start a
- family from your own seed?
- According to Lysistrata it is easier to untangling multinational
- politics, stop wars and fighting than the women's work of sorting out
- wool. If you just stop war, it's settled, but with wool all tangles
- must be physically labored out by hand. Women's work is never done.
- Lysistrata insists that women have the intelligence and judgment to
- make political decisions. She came by her knowledge, she says, in the
- traditional way:
-
- "I am a woman, and, yes, I have brains. And I'm not badly off for
- judgment. Nor has my education been bad, coming as it has from my
- listening often to the conversations of my father and the elders among
- the men."
- Lysistrata was schooled in the traditional fashion, by learning from
- older men. Her old-fashioned training and good sense allowed her to see
- what needed to be done to protect the community. Like the heroines of
- tragedy, Lysistrata wants to put things back to the way they were. To do
- that, however, she has to become a revolutionary.
- Ending the war would be so easy that even women could do it.
- Aristophanes is telling Athenian men, and Athenians should concern
- themselves with preserving the old ways, lest they be lost.
- Aristophanes (Through the eyes of the women) mocks man's inclination
- for fighting. His catalyst was Lysistrata, feminist champion over war
- through peace. The idea of role reversal was as funny to the Athenians
- as the movie Tootsie is to modern America. Their culture was such that
- each gender had very defined roles, and there really wasn't any room for
- leeway.
- Women were property. Something beautiful to own, to gaze upon, to
- fulfill your sexual needs and desires and to bear and raise your
- children in the appropriate cultural aspect. Except for sex and the
- family element, women really didn't have any redeeming social values.
- To even consider putting a woman into any position where she would be
- required to think, or to make decisions outside of the home was
- laughable. This is the root of their humor. Role reversal was true
- humor because to imagine a one-dimensional woman in a multifaceted role
- was just insane. The sky would fall first.
- Whether a Lysistrata could have existed is really mute. The point is
- that it never would have happened.
- In the opening scenes of the play Lysistrata says "I'm furious with
- women and womankind. Don't all of our husbands say we are not to be
- relied uponà Don't they think we are such clever villains?" The women
- don't like the fact that the only power women have had over men from the
- dawn of time (and until the end of time) is to withhold sex. By some
- accounts, women seemed little more than walking sperm receptacles. That
- is their one-dimensional world, to please men, no more or less.
- Again this is illustrated at the start of Act Two. Holding-out
- started to become a serious internal conflict. The women started to
- mutiny. They started making up all sorts of reasons and excuses to
- leave the Acropolis. All through the play there is a heavy sexual
- connotation, but here the excuses are as phony as any pick up line in
- any modern singles social scene.
-
- Woman #1 I must go home and spread my fleece out onto the bed!
- Woman #2 I need to go home, I forgot to strip (my bark from the flax!)
- Modern Frat-Boy #1 If I told you that you have a GREAT body, would you
- hold it against me?
- Modern Frat-Boy #2 Your hair would look so goodà on my pillow.
-
- The underlining notion of returning home is also not specifically
- because of their "sex-starvation," but from the burden of guilt for
- being away from their family, their chores and their domestic
- responsibilities. They are after all not just defying their husbands
- but ultimately the whole Greek culture of the times in which they
- lived. They had a place, and status-quo demanded they assume it.
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